Eric Schwitzgebel uses the concept of virtual reality, as popularized by cyberpunk science fiction and philosophers like David Chalmers and Nick Bostrom, to argue that the fundamental nature of reality might be unknowable and fundamentally different than we normally suppose.
Schwitzgebel then explores the implications of this idea for our understanding of space, time, and the nature of consciousness. He argues that if we are living in a virtual reality implemented by a non-spatial system, it can help us understand transcendental idealism, which suggests that spatial properties depend on our minds and the nature of things as they are in themselves is unknowable.
The paper concludes by considering the skeptical implications of this view and exploring the possibility that we might be living in a simulation designed for limited purposes or generated randomly.